Kratochvíl L. & Stöck M. (guest editors):

Challenging the paradigm in sex chromosome evolution:

empirical and theoretical insights with a focus on vertebrates.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

All open access papers or preprints linked below;

publication: Part I: 12 July 2021;

Part II: 26 July, 2021;

about Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B.: see Wikipedia & New York Times.

• Preface and Introduction:

Kratochvíl L., Stöck M. (2021): Preface. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200088, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0088).

Stöck M. ✉, Kratochvíl L. ✉, Kuhl H., Rovatsos M., Evans B., Suh A., Valenzuela N., Veyrunes F., Zhou Q., Gamble T., Capel B., Schartl M.§, Guiguen Y.§ (2021): A brief review of vertebrate sex evolution with a pledge for integrative research – towards ‘sexomics’. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 376: 20200426, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0426); (✉ co-corresponding authors; § co-senior authors).

• Sex determination without sex chromosomes and/or governed by epigenetics:

Piferrer, F. (2021): Epigenetic mechanisms in sex determination and in the evolutionary transitions between sexual systems. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200110, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0110).

Weber, C., Capel B. (2021): Sex determination without sex chromosomes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 376: 20200109 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0109); preprint: BCapel_AccVersion.

• Origin of sex determining genes:

Adolfi M.C., Herpin A., Schartl M. (2021): The replaceable master of sex determination: bottom-up hypothesis revisited. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200090 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0090); preprint: MAdolfi_AccVersion.

Bertho S., Herpin A., Schartl M., Guiguen Y. (2021): Lessons from an unusual vertebrate sex determining gene. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200092 (Doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0092); preprint: YGuiguen_AccVersion.

Pan Q., Kay T., Depincé A., Adolfi M., Schartl M., Guiguen Y., Herpin A. (2021): Evolution of master sex determiners: TGF-β signalling pathways at regulatory crossroads. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200091 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0091); preprint: AHerpin_AccVersion.

• Reasons for differentiation of sex chromosomes and differences in their rates of differentiation:

Charlesworth D. (2021): The timing of genetic degeneration of sex chromosomes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200093 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.2020.0093); preprint: DCharlesworth_AccVersion.

Jeffries D.L., Gerchen J.F., Scharmann M., Pannell J.R. (2021): A neutral model for the loss of recombination on sex chromosomes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200096, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.2020.0096).

Kuhl H., Guiguen Y., Höhne C., Kreuz E., Du K., Klopp C., Lopez-Roques C., Santidrian Yebra-Pimentel E., Ciorpac M., Gessner J., Holostenco D., Kleiner W., Kohlmann K., Lamatsch D.K., Prokopov D., Bestin A., Bonpunt E., Debeuf B., Haffray P., Morvezen R., Patrice P., Suciu R., Dirks R., Wuertz S., Kloas W., Schartl M., Stöck M. (2021): A 180 My-old female-specific genome region in sturgeon reveals the oldest known vertebrate sex determining system with undifferentiated sex chromosomes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200089, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0089).

Perrin N. (2021): Sex-chromosome evolution in frogs: What role for sex-antagonistic genes? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200094, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0094).

Song X.-Y., Furman B.L.S. , Premachandra T., Knytl M., Cauret C.M.S., Wasonga D.V., Measey J., Dworkin I., Evans B.J. (2021): Sex chromosome degeneration, turnover, and sex-biased expression of sex-linked transcripts in African clawed frogs (Xenopus). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200095 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0095); preprint: BEvans_AccVersion.

• Co-option of the same linkage groups into sex chromosomes:

Lichilín N., El Taher A., Böhne A. (2021): Sex biased gene expression and recent sex chromosome turnover. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200107, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0107).

Kratochvíl L., Gamble T., Rovatsos M. (2021): Sex chromosome evolution among amniotes: Is the origin of sex chromosomes non-random? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200108 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0108); preprint: LKratochvil_AccVersion.

• Is differentiation of sex chromosomes a unidirectional pathway?

Lisachov A.P., Tishakova K.V., Romanenko S.A., Molodtseva A.S., Prokopov D.Y., Pereira J.C., Ferguson-Smith M.A., Borodin P.M., Trifonov V.A. (2021): Whole-chromosome fusions in the karyotype evolution of Sceloporus (Iguania, Reptilia) are more frequent in sex chromosomes than autosomes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200099; (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0099); preprint: VTrifonov_AccVersion.

Sember A., Nguyen P.,Perez M.F., Altmanová M., Ráb P., de Bello Cioffi M. (2021): Multiple sex chromosomes in teleost fishes from a cytogenetic perspective: state of the art and future challenges. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200098, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0098).

• Consequences of differentiated sex chromosomes:

Peona V., Palacios-Gimenez O.M., Blommaert J., Liu J., Haryoko T., Jønsson K.A., Irestedt M., Zhou Q., Jern P., Suh A. (2021): The avian W chromosome is a refugium for endogenous retroviruses with likely effects on female-biased mutational load and genetic incompatibilities. Phil Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200186, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0186)

• Differences in differentiation of sex chromosomes under male vs. female heterogamety:

Bista B., Wu Z., Literman R., Valenzuela N. (2021) Thermosensitive sex chromosome dosage compensation in ZZ/ZW softshell turtles, Apalone spinifera. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200101 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.2020.0101); preprint: NVaenzuela_AccVersion.

Rovatsos M., Gamble T., Nielsen S.V., Georges A., Ezaz T., Kratochvíl L. (2021): Do male and female heterogamety really differ in expression regulation? Lack of global dosage balance in pygopodid geckos. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200102 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0102); preprint: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.03.132241v1.full.pdf .

• Evolution of sex chromosomes under hybridization and polyploidy:

Ogata M., Suzuki K., Yuasa Y., Miura I. (2021): Sex-chromosome evolution from a heteromorphic to a homomorphic system by inter-population hybridization in a frog. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200105 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0105); preprint: IMiura_AccVersion.

Roco A.S.*, Ruiz-García A.*, Bullejos M. (2021): Interaction between sex-determining genes from two species: clues from Xenopus hybrids. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200104 (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0104); (*equal contribution); preprint: MBullejos_AccVersion.

Stöck M. ✉, Dedukh D., Reifová R., Lamatsch D.K., Starostová Z., Janko K. ✉ (2021): Sex chromosomes in meiotic, hemiclonal, clonal and polyploid hybrid vertebrates: along the ‘extended speciation continuum’. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 376: 20200103, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0103); (✉ co-corresponding authors).

• Conclusions and summary:

Kratochvíl L. ✉, Stöck M. ✉, Rovatsos M., Bullejos M., Herpin A., Jeffries D.L, Peichel C.L., Perrin N., Valenzuela N., Johnson Pokorná M. (2021): Expanding the classical paradigm: what we have learnt from vertebrates about sex chromosome evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 376: 20200097, open access (Doi:10.1098/rstb.2020.0097)(✉ co-corresponding authors).